INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES
VOLUME 2, NO 2 - 2011
ABSTRACTS
An Eclectic mapping approach for Non Spatial Data
Author(s)- Naveen Kumar Sidda et al.,
ABSTRACT
This work aims at highlighting the usage of ‘state of art technology’ for creating the user friendly spatial interfaces for the common usage applications. The advent of web services and APIs opens up the possibility of collecting and communicating the non spatial information spatial intuitively. A Spatial treat to the non spatial problem makes the data comprehensive and significant to solve the real time problems. In this paper, we developed an interactive interface by investigating the API technology to transform and map the substantial non spatial data in a spatial format to a horde of internet users. This development not only demonstrates the advancements in communicating and visualizing the data, but also emphasizes on the usage of ready to use data for quick, economical and effective dissemination. In this line of research, we developed spatial graphical user interface that showcases the details of Cyberabad police zones for the benefit of the common public.
Geochemical and geodynamic constraints on the origin of calc-alkaline cryogenian mafic rocks in the Igherm inlier (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
Author(s)- El Aouli.E, Ikenne.M, Amaouain.H
ABSTRACT
In the Igherm inlier (western Anti-Atlas, Morocco) dolerilic dyke swarms with various directions and gabbroic intrusive bodies were emplaced during Neoproterosoic times, cutting across either Eburnean micaschists and granites or panafrican limestones and quartzites.The mafic rocks of the lower Cryogenian magmatism from the Igherm inlier (Moroccan western Anti-atlas) have calc-alkaline, tholeiitic and alkaline affinities. The calc-alkaline dolerite dykes and gabbros bodies emplaced before the conglomeratic formations of the Upper Cryogenian and after the tholeiitic mafic rocks that characterize the pre-Pan-African rifting, are similar to rocks from orogenic setting. They are characterized by high LILE, Th, Ce, P, Sm contents and La/Nb ratio and a low HFSE content with negative anomalies in Nb, Zr and Ti. The geodynamic environment of the sedimentary country rocks corresponds to that of a passive margin in a distensive tectonic context. The calc-alkaline affinity of these magmas can be attributed to the influence of a Palæoproterozoic subduction zone that contributed to the enrichment of the subcontinental mantle. During the extensional event of the Pan-African orogenesis, the mantle would have produced tholeiitic, alkaline and/or transitional magmas before melting (caused by adiabatic decompression) reached the enriched subcontinental mantle previously enriched during the Eburnean subduction, where it would have generated calc-alkaline magmas.
Applications of Geoinformatics in Water Resources Management of Semi-Arid Region, North Karnataka, India
Author(s)- Basavaraj Hutti, Nijagunappa. R
ABSTRACT
Karnataka is lack of water resources, especially in its arid and semi-arid regions. So the management of water resources in these areas is very important. The annual average rainfall of 50 cm for the whole country and its totality area, it has been discovered that total water resources in India are of the order of 167 million hectare-meters. It has further been calculated that only 66 million hectare-meters of water resources in India can be employed for irrigation. The population of India as on 2011 stood at 1,210,193,422 (1.21 billion) persons. Thus, India supports about 1/6th of world population, 1/50th of world’s land and 1/25th of world’s water resources. India also has a livestock population of 500 million, which is about 20 percent of the world’s total livestock population. More than half of these are cattle, forming the backbone of Indian agriculture. The total utilizable water resources of the country are assessed as 1086 km3. Geoinformatics technology has its special advantage in this aspect. The paper introduces the applications of Geoinformatics, including remote sensing, geographical information system and global positioning system, in this field, such as surface water resources, groundwater exploration, dynamic monitoring of floods, water environment and drought monitoring, planning of water diversion project between basins and so on. It shows that Geoinformatics technology can play important role for North Karnataka development, especially in India. India is still an agricultural country; the water consumed in agriculture is the most significant one.
Morphometric analysis of Korattalaiyar River basin, Tamil Nadu, India: A GIS approach
Author(s)- Geena.G.B, Ballukraya.P.N
ABSTRACT
Watershed development and management plans are very important for harnessing surface water and groundwater resources. To prepare a comprehensive watershed development plan, it becomes necessary to understand the topography, erosional status and drainage pattern of the area. This study was undertaken to determine the drainage characteristics of Korattalaiyar river basin and the area of the basin is 3,625km2. The morphometric parameters are computed by using Geographic Information system (GIS). GIS was used in evaluation of linear and areal aspects of morphometric parameters. The drainage patterns of the basin are dendritic and include a seventh order stream. The quantitative analysis of various aspects of river basin drainage network characteristics reveals complex morphometric attributes. The streams of lower order mostly dominate the basin. The development of stream segments in the basin area is more or less affected by rainfall. The erosional processes of fluvial origin have been predominately influenced by the subsurface lithology of the basin.
Integrating Multivariate Statistical Analysis with GIS for Groundwater in Pambar Sub-Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
Author(s)-Narmatha.T, Jeyaseelan.A, Mohan.S.P, Ram Mohan.V
ABSTRACT
Groundwater samples from Pambar sub-basin were analyzed for chemical parameters. For present study 61 water samples were collected the study area in a regular distribution. The higher values of most of the parameters were found in the area of old settlement, while lower values observed in new settlements. This shows clear impact of land use on groundwater. Water quality data collected from different localities are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical technique to identify key variables. The first four components were chosen for interpretation of the data, which accounts for 76.47% of the total variance in the data set. The maximum number of variables, i.e. Cl, Na, TH, TDS and EC were characterized by first component, while second component is characterized by PO4 and NO2. The third and fourth components were characterized by Na and K respectively. This shows that hydrochemical constituents of the groundwater are mainly controlled by TDS and EC. For cluster analysis Wards linkage method was used. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendrogram of the sampling stations (cases) as well as hydrochemical variables, which produced three major groupings, suggests that groundwater monitoring can be consolidated.
Prioritization of miniwatersheds based on Morphometric Analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in a draught prone Bargur – Mathur subwatersheds, Ponnaiyar River basin, India
Author(s)-Sethupathi A.S, Lakshmi Narasimhan C, Vasanthamohan V, Mohan S.P
ABSTRACT
Texture ratio of drainage basins range between 2.59 to 15.46, and the miniwatersheds are classified as moderate to fine drainage texture excepting 4 miniwatersheds which are classified as fine to very fine drainage texture. The stream frequency of Bargur and Mathur subwatersheds ranges between 2.36 to 7.28. The stream frequency is low in most of the subwatersheds indicating low relief and high permeability, however, four subwatersheds show high stream frequency, indicative of high relief and low infiltration capacity of bedrock. The relief ratio ranges from 0.03 to 0.07. The bifurcation ratio range from 0.43 to 8.45, with a mean bifurcation ratio of 3.327 for entire basin, indicates that all miniwatersheds fall under normal basin category. The elongation ratio of miniwatersheds varies from 0.23 to 0.58, indicates miniwatersheds fall under oval and elongated pattern. Present study demonstrates the competence of remote sensing data coupled with GIS techniques in morphometric analysis. Based on the quantitative morphometric analysis, the study area has been classified into highly suitable, moderately suitable and poorly suitable for groundwater prospects.
A Novel approach to the Identification of Urban Sprawl Patches based on the Scaling of Geographic Space
Author(s)-Xintao Liu, Bin Jiang
ABSTRACT
This paper introduces a novel approach to identifying urban sprawl patches based on the statistics of blocks and natural cities under the principle of scaling of geographic space. Blocks are the minimum cycles decomposed from a road network and the important geographic elements in the process of urbanization. Scaling of geographic space refers to the phenomenon that small geographic objects are far more numerous than large ones. In this study, the measurements of block area, morphology and structure are found to demonstrate scaling property and follow heavy tailed distributions. Because of this, the mean values of these measurements can clearly divide all blocks into a two-level hierarchical structure, of which each hierarchy represents different geographical implications. For instance, small blocks imply the urban area while large ones imply rural area. Based on these findings, an improved method is proposed to aggregate the small blocks into natural cities in Texas. We further identify the abnormal blocks inside the natural city of Dallas, Texas as sprawling blocks, which constitute what we call urban sprawl patches. Multiple levels of urban sprawl are classified by performing the above process iteratively. This approach provides a quantitative and natural way to assess urban sprawl in the context of the urban environment.
Integrated approach using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for delineating groundwater potential zones in Dwarakeswar watershed, Bankura distict, West Bengal
Author(s)- Nag.S.K , Anindita Lahiri
ABSTRACT
Today all water resource development processes in most of the countries are based on micro watershed planning. Mico-watershed is the smallest area, which acts as a comprehensive unit in the hydrological environment. For sustainable development of water resources, all planning should be based on the character of the hydrological environment of the watershed. In the study area, the geological formation consisting of quartz, schist, slate show a fine texture of drainage pattern which indicate a high potential for groundwater occurrence. In general the slope is greater than 300 thereby indicating more runoff and less infiltration. Lineaments, hydrogeomorphology and slope are the key parameters in the groundwater occurrence in the Dwarkeswar watershed. The lineaments mapped from satellite images cut across slope categories and litho units, thereby indicating the possibility of acting as major conduits for subsurface movement and linear aquifers for the storage of water. The central and southern part of the watershed areas provide good prospect for groundwater. It has been observed in the field and from the groundwater potential map that the gentler slope has more prospects for groundwater. Lineament density, lithology and drainage texture act as complementary conditions for gentler slopes.
Disaster resilience of transportation infrastructure and ports – An overview
Author(s)-Madhusudan.C, Ganapathy.G.P
ABSTRACT
Contemporary literature on disaster resilience of transportation infrastructure and seaports is reviewed. There is a considerable body of literature on disaster resilience in terms of engineering and technical resilience of infrastructure to disasters. Resilience of communities is also a subject of wide research. The impact of disasters on transportation infrastructure and their resilience has been studied by researchers, mainly in the context of the developed world. There is a considerable paucity of such studies on the resilience of transportation infrastructure in the multimodal context, even in the developed world. Studies on the impact of disasters on the interface of maritime transport and land based transport in a seaport centered setting are scarce. Most studies in this context have been spurred in the aftermath of 9/11 and hence are essentially security oriented. In general it is observed that there is still no widely accepted measure for resilience of transportation infrastructure for any mode of transportation. The review also exposes the lack of serious research on the impact of disasters on the resilience of transportation and port infrastructure in the developing countries. Areas requiring further attention from researchers are identified.
A Geo-Referenced Information System for Tourism (GeoRIST)
Author(s)-Sunil Pratap Singh et al.,
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a geo-referenced information system (GeoRIST) for national and international tourists or the travelling community visiting to Agra enabling them to find their interest in city and ask for information about sights, accommodations and other places of interest which are nearby them by analyzing and displaying the tourism objects in geographic context on interactive tourist maps. The developed system is the application of Internet based Geographic Information System (GIS) which integrates spatial database, statistical data and textual information in order to develop a data model providing proper and complete information for analysis and planning. The whole system lives in a common web-based application implemented in ASP.Net with C#.Net MapScript, Ajax and exploiting MapServer for GIS functionalities and PostGIS for its connection with the PostgreSQL database containing road network, infrastructure of the area and data about hospitality, tourism activities and facilities.
Groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence: A study of Singur Block, West Bengal, India
Author(s)- Malay Ganguli
ABSTRACT
Land subsidence is a slow imperceptible geological process referring gradual decrease in the elevation of land surface. It can be occurred due to many reasons such as, underground mining, extraction of oil, gas, water beneath the surface, natural settlement, hydro compaction, drainage of organic soil etc. Broadly the occurrence of subsidence can be classified into two reasons, natural and anthropogenic causes. Anthropogenic causes play a leading role in a short period of time. The present work is an attempt to measure land subsidence of Singur block, district Hooghly, West Bengal due to ground water extraction. It is found from the observation that the rate of decline of static water table, the depth of total aquifer system and the hydro-geological characteristics of the aquifer control the rate of subsidence of the area. The whole work is done based on secondary data sources. The average rate of subsidence was 0.92 mm/ year during 1998-2002 which increased to 8.7 mm/ year during 2002 – 2006. The estimated average rate of land subsidence is 6.13 mm/ year for 1 m drop of static water table.
Use of Radar Remote Sensing for Land Use Dynamic Monitoring in South West Coast of Caspian Sea
Author(s)- Golmehr Ehsan
ABSTRACT
The southern coast of the Caspian Sea is characterized by high humidity with wide clouds and fog covers. Because of this feature in the region, it is difficult to acquire satisfactory optic image from satellite image for interpretation. This has influence on land use dynamic monitoring around the southern cost of the Caspian Sea. Radar remote sensing has many advantages on the application of land use survey in the study area because of less effect of weather in comparison with the Landsat TM data. In the study a developed image enhancement technique on the basis of Kalman filtering technique was proposed. Texture analysis of Radar SAR image was investigated. The method used in the current project for Land use/cover changes detection from 2005 to 2007 was to fuse images of different sources such as TM and SAR and then integrate the fused images of different times in such that the changes of these images can be highlighted. Radar SAR data and TM Images captured in 2005 and 2007 were used for this purpose. The techniques that are applicable to both the Radar data and to TM data as well as to the accuracy of results obtained for land use monitoring have been systematically compared. The results of the study verify the efficiency of the proposed Kalaman filtering technique for dynamic land use monitoring in particular study area.
Temporal change detection of vegetation coverage of Dhaka using Remote Sensing
Author(s)- Rahman.S, Hasan S.M.R, Islam M.A, Maitra.M
ABSTRACT
The foregoing areal expansion of Dhaka city with its dense population has been triggered the processes of land transformation as well as the growth of urbanization that are responsible for the physical and environmental instability of that area. In this research attempt has been taken to detect the loss of vegetation cover for the Dhaka district using multi-temporal, multi-date and multi-sensor aerospace data and to analyse the assessment of the impact of urbanization and biodiversity. Landsat imageries of the year January 1989, February 2002 and January 2010 have been used to find out the difference of vegetation coverage of Dhaka metropolitan and its surroundings over 20 years. About 20 percent vegetation cover that was present in 1989 has gradually decreased to 15.5 and 7.3 percent in year 2002 and 2010, respectively. Abrupt declination of vegetation coverage has been identified in Dhaka Metropolitan and Savar thana with a rate of 3.5 and 2.72 sqkm per year since last two decades, whereas gradual loss has been found in Nawabganj thana with an average of 1.62 sqkm per year. A considerably better situation has been observed in Keraniganj, Dhamrai and Dohar thana where the increasing rate was 0.9 sqkm during 1989-2002 period and declined at a rate of 2.28 sqkm during 2002-2010. The research has shown the pattern and nature of the interrelationship between urban sprawl and urban vegetation loss. Temporal urban map and database provides the baseline information for the planner and practitioners to monitor and predict the patterns and future trends of urbanization. Temporal mapping is driven by remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) to capture and analyse information from both historical and modern records. The map and the database have been focused the intense changes to the landscape that have incrementally developed over time.
Pre-processing of Hyperspectral Data: A case study of Henry and Lothian Islands in Sunderban Region, West Bengal, India
Author(s)- Chakravortty Somdatta, Chakrabarti S
ABSTRACT
Hyperspectral data finds wide applicability in species level mapping of forest cover in pure and mixed stands. The Sunderban Biosphere Reserve of West Bengal is an ideal locale where hyperspectral image data may be successfully utilized for accurate mapping of nearly 94 mangrove species that exist here. The present study is the first attempt to use hyperspectral data in the Sunderban eco-geographic province to make species level discrimination of mangroves in a mixed stand. However, prior to data classification, several corrections are required to be made for pre-processing and meaningful interpretation of data. Atmospheric correction is one such crucial correction and pre-processing step which is done to minimize the effect of atmospheric agents that alters the actual radiance data that the sensor should represent. This is followed by geometric correction of the atmospherically corrected data. In this paper the MODTRAN based FLAASH algorithm and scene based QUAC algorithm have been applied on the Hyperion data and a comparative analysis carried out. The transformation techniques such as RST(Rotation Scale Translation)and Polynomial in combination with resampling methods like Nearest Neighbour (NN), Bilinear and Cubic Convolution(CC) have been used for analysis of geometric correction results and the best result selected for the next level of processing. This paper analyses the data processing steps for both atmospheric and geometric correction of hyperspectral data acquired by the Hyperion sensor over the dense mangrove forest cover of the Henry and Lothian Islands of the Sunderban Delta of West Bengal.
