INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENGINEERING RESEARCH,DINDIGUL
VOLUME 1, NO 2 - 2010 ISSN 0976- 4259
ABSTRACTS
Integrated Routing and Query Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Author(s)- T.Krishnakumar
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks are considered as a distributed database. Each sensor node captures and stores the data. Data query systems are used to fetch the data stored in the sensor devices. The data query values are similar to SQL queries. The data query is mainly affected by the routing protocols. TinyDB and Cougar data query systems are designed with common route based data query process. The single route based data query systems are not suitable to execute all query types. The dynamic routing layer based data query system is introduced to handle data query with different route selection mechanism. The route selection is done with reference to the data query and network density factors. A centralized authority manages the route selection operation. In this case all the query values are redirected to the centralized authority. The central authority initiates the route selection and query distribution operations. The centralized dynamic query selection mechanism makes delay and computation overhead for data query processing with high node density environment. The proposed system is designed to handle the data query operations with dynamic routing layer mechanism in a decentralized manner. The sensor nodes select the routing protocol with reference to the data query and network density information. The self-adaptive data query system is also enhanced to handle join query and event query values.
Modeling and Analysis of Aluminum A360 Alloy Helical Gear for Marine Applications
Author(s)- Venkatesh.B, Kamala.V,Prasad.A.M.K
Abstract
Gears are one of the most critical components in mechanical power transmission systems. Today’s competitive business in the global market has brought increasing awareness to optimize the gear design. The gears are generally used to transmit power or torque and the efficiency of transmission is very high when compared to other kind of transmissions. The helical gear offers high contact and more friction which avoids slippage when compared to spur gear. To estimate the bending stress, three-dimensional solid models for different number of teeth are generated by CATIA that is powerful and modern modeling software and the numerical solution is done by ANSYS, which is a finite element analysis package. The analytical investigation is based on Lewis stress formula. The aim of the present study is to focus on reduction of weight and there by reducing the unbalance forces setup in the system.
Individual and societal risk analysis and mapping of human vulnerability to chemical accidents in the vicinity of an industrial area
Author(s)- Renjith.V.R, G.Madhu
Abstract
The hazards associated with major accident hazard (MAH) industries in industrial areas are fire, explosion and toxic gas releases and the domino effects associated with fire and explosions. Accidents such as the Bhopal tragedy in 1984, Jilin chemical plant explosion in China in 2005 and Jaipur (India) oil fire in 2009 have clearly demonstrated how the impact of industrial accidents can be severely amplified in areas adjacent to hazardous installations and high-density populations. Severe damage to human life and health caused by industrial accidents prompts reorienting emergency management from simple post-event response to preventive preparedness. Qualitative and quantitative hazard analyses are essential for the identification and quantification of the hazards related to chemical industries. Consequence analysis and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) are established techniques in hazard identification and quantification. This paper presents the results of a consequence analysis carried out to assess the damage potential of the hazardous material storages located in an industrial area of central Kerala, India. The damage potential of the hazardous chemicals used in the various Major Accident Hazard (MAH) industries is assessed using consequence modelling. Modelling of pool fire for naphtha, cyclohexane, cylcoheanone, benzene and ammonia are carried out using TNO model. Vapor cloud explosion modeling (VCE) of LPG, cyclohexane and naphtha are carried out using TNT equivalent model. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) modeling of LPG is also carried out. Dispersion modelling of toxic chemicals like chlorine, ammonia and benzene are carried out by using the ALOHA air quality model. These results are used for the estimation of individual risk and societal risk in the above industrial area. Vulnerability assessment is carried out using probit functions for toxic, thermal and pressure loads. Mapping of threat zones associated with different incident outcome cases from different MAH industries are also done with the help of Arc GIS. Individual and societal risk is also estimated at different locations due to different incident outcome cases. These results will be useful as operational tools for competent authorities, industrialists and risk experts to assess the vulnerability of the areas surrounding industrial belt.
Implementation of Automated Library Management System in the School of Chemistry Bharathidasan University using Koha Open Source Software
Author(s)- Neelakandan.B, Duraisekar.S, Balasubramani.R, Srinivasa Ragavan.S
Abstract
Library is a fast growing organism. The ancient methods of maintaining it are no longer dynamic and efficient. For expeditious retrieval and dissemination of information and better service for the clientele, application of modern techniques has become absolutely indispensable. A properly computerized library will help its users with quick and prompt services. Library automation refers to mechanization of library house keeping operations predominantly by computerization. Objectives of this study. To develop and updated database of Books and other Resources of the school of Chemistry Library, Bharathidasan University. to implement automated system using Koha Library Integrated Open Source Software.to carryout the charging and discharging functions of the circulation section more effectively.to provide various search options to know the availability of books in the Library.to generate the list of books due by a particular member and also the overdue charges. Koha is an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries. It is found that this automation projects will serve as a model for any library. Being an open source, any Library wanted to go for automation for their library house keeping operations can make use of this software.
Use of Chinese Remainder Theorem to generate random numbers for cryptography
Author(s)-Saurabh Singh, Gaurav Agarwal
Abstract
Random numbers are the numbers, which play an important role for various network security applications. hers are some techniques that are used to generating random numbers such as” pseudorandom number generator” and “linear congruent generator” also cryptographically generated random numbers” etc. but here we are using the Chinese Reminder Theorem for the purpose of generating Random numbers. In essence, CRT says it is possible to reconstruct integers in a certain range from their residues modulo a set of pair wise relatively prime modulo.
A Compact Gate Tunnel Current Model for Nano Scale MOSFET with Sub-1nm Gate Oxide
Author(s)-Ashwani Kumar,Narottam Chand,Vinod Kapoor
Abstract
As the CMOS devices are scaled down to nano domain and below in order to take the advantage of higher density, high speed, lower cost etc, gate tunneling current through gate oxide becomes important because of continued reduction of gate dielectric at nanoscale regime. Consequently, accurate analysis of gate tunneling current is very important especially in context of low power application. In this paper, an efficient analytical model has been developed for channel and source/drain overlap region gate tunneling current through ultra thin gate oxide n-channel MOSFET with inevitable nano scale effect (NSE).The results obtained have been compared and contrasted with simulated and reported experimental results for the purpose of validation. The agreement found was good, thus validating the developed analytical model. The simplicity of the proposed model is suitable enough to use it for circuit simulator. It is observed that neglecting nanoscale effect may lead to large error in the calculated gate tunneling current. The results provide a guideline to the severity of nano scale effects from the point of view of standby power consumption. It is found that temperature, substrate bias and halo doping has almost negligible effect on gate tunneling current. The gate tunneling current variation with gate bias, gate oxide thickness and source/drain overlap region have also been assessed.
Extrusion Characterizes of Al/Sic by different Manufacturing Process
Author(s)- V. Jayaseelan, K. Kalaichelvan, M. Kannan, S. Vijay Ananth
Abstract
This paper deals with the comparison of the performance characteristics of Al/SiC composites produced through stir casting and powder metallurgy. Composites prepared by 5 % volume fraction of SiC reinforcement material with Aluminum matrix metal. In primary process there is some defects like porosity, blow holes, irregular grain structure are present that can be reduced in secondary process i.e. extrusion. Work pieces are longitudinally split, grid marked and extruded in hydraulic press. From the deformed grid, stress and strain values are calculated. Hardness values and microstructure are also compared for the two processes.
Use of image to secure text message with the help of LSB replacement
Author(s)- Saurabh Singh, Gaurav Agarwal
Abstract
As the communication increases day by day the value for security over network also increases. There are many ways to hide information or transmission of information secretly. In this sense steganography is the best part of sending information secretly. This is the art of writing message or information in such a way that no one apart suitable recipient knows the meaning of the message or information. As there are many techniques to perform steganography on electronic media, most notably audio and image files. The out come of this paper is to generate a cross-platform that can effectively hide a message inside a digital image file. An image is the combination of several pixels and each pixel has three color numbers and an image consist of millions of numbers. So the change in few color numbers resulting the picture which would probably look a lot likes the original image. In this paper we are presenting the technique which works by changing a few pixel color value; we will use selected pixel value to represent characters instead of a color value. Obviously the resulting image will still look mostly like the original except that a few points seem little out of place if we look very closely.
Studies on Di -Diesel Engine Fueled With Rice Bran Methyl Ester Injection and Ethanol Carburetion
Author(s)- Rambabu Kantipudi
Abstract
The present research trend is to reduce the exhaust emissions from engines to suit the norms set by Euro/ Bharat Pollution boards. Replacement by renewable alternative fuels is simultaneous attempt to replce diesel fuel in view of possible depletion of petroleum reserves. Our context is to utilize biodiesel ( Rice bran methyl ester) as a total replacement to Petrol- Diesel. It is proved that biodiesel reduces the engine emissiong but for the NOx which is emitted more than that when neat diesel fuel is implemented. This is the main reason to turn our attention to dual fuel operatio with ethanol fuel. In this work instead of heated air with the carburetion technique as attempted by the predecessors, on line heating of the fuel ethanol before its being cargureted at the suction end is tried with the view that the volumetric efficiency of the engine doesn’t suffer. Betterment in the engine performance and exhaust emission is observed at retrofit engine aimed at total diesel replacement is achieved with several benefits.
Synthesis and structural investigations of coordination compounds of palladium (II) with 5- methyl uracil
Author(s)- Anshu Srivastava, Gupta.D.C
Abstract
A new series of mixed ligand co-ordination compound of Palladium having square planner stereochemistry, around the metal ion with the general formula [PdL2Cl2] where L=5- methyl uracil have been isolated in the solid state by the interaction of with the aforesaid ligands. The synthesized co-ordination compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic measurements, molecular weight determination, electron spin resonance, infra red spectral measurements and NMR studies. A square planner structure has been proposed for square planner complex. It is observed that:The synthesized compound is light brown in colour. It is non hygroscopic.It is soluble in DMF, DMSO, slightly soluble in acetonitrile and sparingly soluble in other solvents. It is thermally stable and does not decomposed up to 2600C. The compound has d8 configuration. The complex has anti tumor activity.
Comparison among different CMOS inverter for Low leakage at different Technologies
Author(s)- Vijay Kumar Sharma, Surender Soni
Abstract
In CMOS circuits, the reduction of the threshold voltage due to voltage scaling leads to increase in sub threshold leakage current and hence, static power dissipation.
In the nanometer technology regime, power dissipation and
Process parameter variations have emerged as major design
considerations. These problems continue to grow with leakage power becoming a dominant form of power consumption. On the other hand, variations in the device parameters, both systematic and random, translate into variations in circuit parameters like delay and leakage. Leakage power dissipation is projected to grow exponentially in the next decade according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). This directly affects portable battery operated devices such as cellular phones and PDAs since they have long idle times. Several techniques used that efficiently minimize this leakage power loss. Stacking is a leakage reduction technique.
Design and Simulation of Phase Locked Loop Controller Based Three- Phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Non-linear and Voltage Sensitive Loads
Author(s)- JenoPaul, Ruban Deva Prakash, Jacob Raglend
Abstract
This paper proposed a new efficient control system for unified power quality conditioner it is possible to reduce the voltage fluctuations like sag and swell conditions and current and voltage harmonics isolation in distribution systems. The UPQC which can be used at the PCC for improving power quality is modeled and simulated using proposed control strategy and the performance are compared by applying it to a distribution system with and without UPQC. The performance of this UPQC has been evaluated with a typical industrial load with realistic parameters supplied by a polluted distribution network. Dynamic model of the UPQC is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the simulation results demonstrating the power quality improvement in the system are presented to different supply and load conditions.
Micro Mechanical Measurement of Concrete Strain to Evaluate Principle Strain Distribution in Steel Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete Moderate Deep Beams across it’s width and depths
Author(s)- Vinu R. Patel , I. I. Pandya
Abstract
This paper investigates the distribution of principal strain by micro mechanical measurement of concrete axial strain in Steel Fiber Reinforced Cement Concrete moderate deep beams across its width and depths for various span-to-depth ratios. A complete shear deformational behavior along with load-deflection response, crack patterns and modes of failure was studied experimentally. Sixteen beams were tested and results of principal strain were plotted. Nature of principle tensile strain distribution was found similar to elliptical pattern of distribution along the line joining the load and the support point. The assumption of plane stress condition underestimates the significance of the small compressive or tensile stresses develop in the transverse direction from incompatible response of consecutive concrete elements subjected to different states of stress. Therefore, it was considered that the modes of shear failure are associated with multi-axial stress conditions exist in the region of the paths along which the compressive forces are transmitted to the supports.
Estimating the Solar Photovoltaic generation potential and possible plant capacity in Patiala
Author(s)- Souvik Ganguli, Jasvir Singh
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative energy sources to meet up the present day demands. Solar energy is clean, inexhaustible, environment-friendly and a potential resource among the various renewable energy options. The amount of incident solar radiation significantly determines the electricity produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems. The paper reports a novel method to measure the potential of solar electricity generation in Patiala on the basis of solar radiation data obtained from the weather-station installed within the Thapar University campus. Further, possible plant capacity is estimated for an arbitrarily chosen area. The results supported justify the method proposed.
Carbon Dioxide as Natural Refrigerant
Author(s)- Padalkar A. S., Kadam A. D
Abstract
The use of halogen based chemical compounds as refrigerant has compromised the existence of life on the earth. This fundamental paper discusses the suitability of natural refrigerant CO2 in refrigeration and air conditioning systems for high ambient climatic conditions encountered in India. The lower critical temperature of CO2 converts the subcritical vapour compression cycle to transcritical mode whenever the ambient temperature crosses the critical temperature of 31oC. The transcritical cycle gives lower cooling capacity and higher compressor power consumption which results in less energy efficiency of the system. The thermo-physical and transport properties of CO2 are much better than chemical refrigerants results in compact size of the system with competitive energy efficiency at lower ambient temperature. The matching of operation the transcritical air conditioning system with heating and cooling applications gives very high energy efficiency.
Clustering Algorithms for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey
Author(s)- Vivek Katiyar, Narottam Chand, Surender Soni
Abstract
The last few years have seen an increased interest in the potential use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various fields like disaster management, battle field surveillance, and border security surveillance as described by Quaritsch (2010), Hart (2006), Bokareva (2006) and Dudek (2009). In such applications, a large number of sensor nodes are deployed, which are often unattended and work autonomously. Clustering is a key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network by reducing energy consumption (Younis 2003). It can also increase network scalability. Researchers in all fields of wireless sensor network believe that nodes are homogeneous, but some nodes may be of different energy to prolong the lifetime of a WSN and its reliability. In this paper, we study the impact of heterogeneity and survey different clustering algorithms for heterogeneous WSNs; highlighting their objectives, features, complexity, etc.
